MySQL之热拷贝和恢复的教程
在上一篇文章中我们提到热备，热备也就是在MySQL或者其他数据库服务在运行的情况下进行备份。本文分享另外一种备份的方法，也就是热拷贝。热拷贝跟热备很类似，只不过热备使用mysqldump命令，热拷贝使用mysqlhotcopy命令。热拷贝的优势在于支持服务运行中进行备份，速度快，性能好；劣势在于只能备份MyIsam的表，无法备份InnoDB的表。所以在生产环境中应该酌情使用。
示意图
热备模拟
第一步，热拷贝
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqlhotcopy -uroot -p123456 --database larrydb > larrydb_hostcopy.sql Can't locate DBI.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy line 25. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy line 25.
第二步，报错。因为这个命令是用perl写的或者此命令需要perl支持，所以需要安装perl
[root@serv01 databackup]# yum install perl* -y
第三步，对数据库larrydb热拷贝
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqlhotcopy --help
#第一种写法
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqlhotcopy --user=root --password=123456 larrydb /databackup/
#第二种写法
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p 123456 larrydb /databackup/ Flushed 2 tables with read lock (`larrydb`.`class`, `larrydb`.`stu`) in 0 seconds. Locked 0 views () in 0 seconds. Copying 5 files... Copying indices for 0 files... Unlocked tables. mysqlhotcopy copied 2 tables (5 files) in 0 seconds (0 seconds overall).
第四步，模拟数据丢失
[root@serv01 databackup]# ll larrydb total 36 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 8590 Sep 10 19:07 class.frm -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 65 Sep 10 19:07 db.opt -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 8618 Sep 10 19:07 stu.frm -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 48 Sep 10 19:07 stu.MYD -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1024 Sep 10 19:07 stu.MYI mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | class | | stu | +-------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table class \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: class Create Table: CREATE TABLE `class` ( `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified mysql> show create table stu \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: stu Create Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` ( `sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: mysql> drop table class,stu; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) #这样删除会出错，不要这样删除 [root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/* [root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/
第五步，恢复数据
[root@serv01 databackup]# cp larrydb /usr/local/mysql/data/ -arvf `larrydb' -> `/usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb' `larrydb/stu.MYI' -> `/usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/stu.MYI' `larrydb/stu.MYD' -> `/usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/stu.MYD' `larrydb/stu.frm' -> `/usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/stu.frm' `larrydb/db.opt' -> `/usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/db.opt' `larrydb/class.frm' -> `/usr/local/mysql/data/larrydb/class.frm' mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | class | | stu | +-------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from class; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'larrydb.class' doesn't exist mysql> select * from stu; +------+---------+------+ | sid | sname | cid | +------+---------+------+ | 1 | larry01 | 1 | | 2 | larry02 | 2 | +------+---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop database larrydb; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) #再次导入 [root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < larrydb.sql mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | class | | stu | +-------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from stu; +------+---------+------+ | sid | sname | cid | +------+---------+------+ | 1 | larry01 | 1 | | 2 | larry02 | 2 | +------+---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from class; +------+--------+ | cid | cname | +------+--------+ | 1 | linux | | 2 | oracle | +------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
本文介绍了另一种备份--热拷贝，与热备的区别在于使用的命令不同，热拷贝使用mysqlhotcopy命令，希望大家可以亲自动手操作一下！
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