怎么样将直接引语变间接引语?
(1)歌诀巧记人称变化:
人称变更怎么办? “一主①、二宾②、三不变”③
若是自引自的话, 听者不变称不变。
注:
①“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时,要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如:
He sad,“I am forty,”→He said that he was forty.
②“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时,要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如:
He said,“Are you coming tomorrow?”→He asked me if I wascoming the next day.
③“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变。如:
He said,“Is she an English teacher?”→He asked if she was an English teacher.
另外注意直接引语为复数,引述者主语为单数,间接引语主语相应变复数。如:
He said,“Are you interested in English?”→He asked me/us if Iwas/we were interested in English.
(2)一变·二换·三变化·四连词:
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时要注意:
1)改为陈述句语序。
2)人称代词、时态等也要变化。
3)主句谓语动词为said时,换为asked。
“一变”即改变语序;“二换”即换said为asked;“三变化”,即人称、时态要变化;“四连词”,即原来为一般问句时,间接引语中用whether或if,原来为特殊问句时,间接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。如:
He asked: “Is it raining now?”
He asked whether/if it was raining
He asked: “How can go to the museum?”
Her asked how he could to the museum.
当然,用口诀记似乎更简便,易记易学些。
①直接引语为一般疑问句,变为间接引语的口诀是:
去掉引号加if(或whether), 陈述语序要记祝
时态、人称和状语, 小心变化别马虎。
②直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语的口诀是:
直接去引号, 陈述莫忘掉。
助动do(does)、did, 一定要去掉。
(3)一改·二变·三加·四去:
祈使句变成间接引语时,根据说话人的语气分别用tell、ask、order、beg等作谓语,将原来的祈使句改为动词不定式。
1)said(to)改为asked(或told,ordered);
2)said to的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语;
3)在动词原形前加to,使之成为动词不定式;
4)去掉please。如:
She said: “Please help yourvselves to the chicken.”
She asked us to help ourselves to the chicken.
The teacher said: “Don’t make any more noise, Tom.”
The teacher told Tom not to make any more noise.
用歌诀记忆直接引语为祈使句变间接引语:
去掉引号要加to, asked、ordered加“告诉”(told),
直引若为否定句, not加在to前部。
(4)直接引语变间接引语时态对应转换表:
直接引语时态 间接引语时态
一般现在时→ 一般过去时
一般将来时→ 过去将来时
现在进行时→ 过去进行时
一般过去时→ 过去完成时
现在完成时→ 过去完成时
过去完成时→ 过去完成时
情态动词也要变成相应的过去时:
can→could;may→might;must→had to
本文地址:
http://www.45fan.com/a/question/30235.html