解决oracle数据异常处理的方法

1. 在PL/SQL 块的定义部分定义异常情况：

<异常情况> EXCEPTION;

2. 将其定义好的异常情况，与标准的ORACLE错误联系起来，使用EXCEPTION_INIT语句：

3. 在PL/SQL 块的异常情况处理部分对异常情况做出相应的处理。

Associating a PL/SQL Exception with a Number: Pragma EXCEPTION_INIT

To handle error conditions (typically ORA- messages) that have no predefined name, you must use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. A pragma is a compiler directive that is processed at compile time, not at run time.

In PL/SQL, the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT tells the compiler to associate an exception name with an Oracle error number. That lets you refer to any internal exception by name and to write a specific handler for it. When you see an error stack, or sequence of error messages, the one on top is the one that you can trap and handle.

You code the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT in the declarative part of a PL/SQL block, subprogram, or package using the syntax

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exception_name, -Oracle_error_number);

where exception_name is the name of a previously declared exception and the number is a negative value corresponding to an ORA- error number. The pragma must appear somewhere after the exception declaration in the same declarative section, as shown in the following example:

DECLARE
  deadlock_detected EXCEPTION;
  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(deadlock_detected, -60);
BEGIN
  null; -- Some operation that causes an ORA-00060 error
EXCEPTION
  WHEN deadlock_detected THEN
   null; -- handle the error
END;
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